We and everything else are made of what basic particle?All material things are made of which "fundamental" substance?Here the word "fundamental" refers to formative. It is a formative term. It has a very broad meaning in science, as the early scientific idea was that everything is made up of atoms and that the constituent 'fundamental' of every being is the atom. The smallest elementary particle is no more but atom, but with the discovery of the nucleus in the atom,so the atom is no longer the elementary and smallest particle, similarly, this chain has reached quarks and leptons now and of course these particles are also not elementary or "fundamental".The smallest scale length at which we can currently measure is the "Planck length", the limit beyond which further smaller-scale observational measurements become uncertain and beyond which further smaller-scale observational measurements are not possible.
What is the smallest thing in the universe? When scientists are asked this question, they answer the smallest entity is "QUARK", but quark is not something that gives us the answer to our questions.
Today scientists suggest quarks are among the smallest particles in the universe and they carry only fractional electric charges. Scientists have a good idea of how quarks make up hadrons, but the properties of individual quarks have been difficult to tease out because they can't be observed outside of their respective hadrons.Suppose there is a huge organism as the size of our entire known universe and suppose it wants to observe our Earth, for it the size of our Earth would be even more extremely small, for that it would the last would be the smallest limit that he could observe, on which he would adopt the hypothesis that there could be no particle smaller than this particle (earth).
Its potential will be such that it will not be able to achieve a measurement smaller than this measurement.
But this assumption of his will be wrong because there will be bodies with millions of times less heat than the earth and there will also be particles with millions of times less volume than these bodies.
Now, if we want to observe through our observational measurement possibilities, the smallest particle for us is the atom, but since we have known thanks to scientific predictions that there are or can be particles thousands of times smaller than the atom, so this is not sophisticated. It can be seen that this journey of smallness has stopped.
Suppose there is a living organism of the size of an atom, it investigates atom's three smallest particles to quarks and to so on, what will it achieve? The answer to this is imaginatively possible, but it is difficult for us to say whether it is actually possible or not from a scientific hypothesis.
Imaginatively, we can assume that yes, it is possible that even this atom will find a particle thousands, millions and millions of times smaller than itself. It is possible that this series may be real.
Our science at the moment is really giving precise information down to the fundamental particles, so we really only know down to this smallest level of scale, we don't know what is further down to that level.
Scientists are presenting ideas to go from these basic particles to smaller levels, but no real scientific connection has been made between the real science of basic particles and the imaginary science of smaller scale.
What was the science like before the Big Bang? We don't know what kind of science was inside the particle in which the Big Bang happened. How were all the cosmic laws of the universe dissolved and unified?
Particles smaller than the fundamental particles will be discovered and if even smaller particles are discovered and this chain continues, then perhaps either this chain will take us to another universe in the form of string theory or this chain will lead to some kind of "Singularity" (not cosmic singularity) which will stop the journey to smaller levels for us.
To what extent this singularity would have integrated scientific laws within itself, of course it would be more interesting and surprising than the singularity before the Big Bang.
Quantum science, i.e. the observational science of atoms and smaller particles, is a science that, thanks to its development, will probably give us many secrets in the journey from the smallest to the smallest.
But the idea is amazing and even more scary that how long is the journey of the smallest, is it really the most infinite than the infinite?
Future quantum science and time will tell if this journey takes us to another universe, to a singularity or to infinity.
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